Supplementary materials [researchData] to: Karunarathne, R. A. I. C. (2023). Parents or peers? (In)congruence effect of adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers on self-esteem. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 19(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.7355

Building on the attachment theory and extending prior research that has hinted strongly at the important influence of social relationships on self-esteem, this study examined the simultaneous effect of adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers on self-esteem. To test our hypotheses, we collected data from a sample of 267 adolescents. We used polynomial regression coupled with response surface analysis to assess the (in)congruence effect of adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers on self-esteem. The results of polynomial regression analysis show that the congruence effect of attachment to parents and peers did not relate to adolescent self-esteem. However, self-esteem is high when attachment to both parents and peers is at a high level rather than a low level. Moreover, results show that attachment to parents is more significant than attachment to peers in developing adolescents' self-esteem. Interpretation of findings and theoretical contribution of congruence perspective to attachment theory and self-esteem literature are discussed.

The supplementary materials provided are the data sets and research results that support the findings of this study.